Essay about The Effects of Population Increase on the...

The Effects of Population Increase on the Environment As inevitable as death and taxes, the population of the world will continue to grow until the government intervenes. The gross increase in population will generally lead to adverse effects on the environment. In the anthology, A Forest of Voices, an entry titled ?Is It Too Late by Anthony Weston deals with the history of legislation for the protection of the environment and stories of it?s destruction that are all too real. Seemingly, as the population increases, so should the level of intelligence for a sample population which would necessarily lead to a certain form of protection to the environment. It would seem quite apparent that an increase in population has a causal†¦show more content†¦It was not until 1973 that a law enacted to protect the species that were extinction. It took three dozen species to go extinct in the decade before the Endangered Species Act went into legislation to stop ignorance from diminish the wildlife in the United States (Weston 355). This shows that it takes a gross lack of intelligence (which I will equate, for arguments sake, with a lack of awareness or an abundance of arrogance) to show the public that maybe we should not be killing animals that are near extinction. To begin discussion about the destruction, it must be taken into account that the human race is arrogant by nature. It could be called mankind?s fatal flaw. This can be shown through the colonization of America. In the beginning, America was truly the untouched beauty. Buffalo were in overabundance in the Great Plains, and in New England, lobsters were so common that they were used for not only eating, but for potato fertilizer (Weston 354). Now it is not the case, the Buffalo are confined to few sanctuaries across the U.S. and lobster, not as common anymore, are considered somewhat of a delicacy in many restaurants. It may seem trivial, but the reason that ?civilized? man came to America is because of arrogance. Now, to the best of my knowledge, the Mayflower brought the outcast Puritans from England to America. The Puritans were a people of conviction; otherwise they would have dealt with the lack of religiousShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Population Increase on the Environmen t1172 Words   |  5 Pagesthe population of the world will continue to grow until the government intervenes. The gross increase in population will generally lead to adverse effects on the environment. In the anthology, A Forest of Voices, an entry titled Is It Too Late? by Anthony Weston deals with the history of legislation for the protection of the environment and stories of its destruction that are all too real. Seemingly, as the population increases, so should the level of intelligence for a sample population whichRead MoreEffects Of Population Pollution Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pages Population around the world is growing rapidly each year, which is unfortunately causing negative impacts on the environment. Each day the air around us is becoming more polluted as the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere caused by human activities increases each day. As population continues to gradually increase, it is causing harmful effects in terms of air pollution. An i ncrease in the number of people directly varies with the pollution that is emitted into the environment. MoresoRead MoreIntroduction . Many Factors Contribute To The Downfall1694 Words   |  7 Pagesthings, the changes have been negative and steadily declining with time. Among those factors, over-population would be one of the greatest contributors. The growth of the human population has continuously been on the rise. It has been predicted that it will increase even more throughout the years going from 7.2 billion to 9.6 billion (Gerland, et al. 2014). As the numbers of the human population increase the ecosystem is steadily declining because of the large demands of food and biofuels (LauranceRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1235 Words   |  5 Pagesalways something about polar ice caps melting or the ever-rising temperatures, but most people do not think twice about it since, they are not directly affected by it. They may not be feeling the effects of global warming at the moment, but in time it will become a more widespread issue. The effects of global warming are hard to refute, and there is endless evidence of this growing problem in our world today. The continuation of global warming is a serious threat to everyone and everything onRead MoreThe Rate Of Growth And Reproduction Of Tilapia Fish1309 Words   |  6 Pagesthe environmental factors. Feeding ways can affect in the fish products although it can help in increasing the fish number. The environment has effect on the sex determination in Tilapia because they can escape form their cage and interact with the wild fish. Finally, the spread of the cultured fish waste in the lake besides their interaction with the wild fish have effect on the wild fish health and the human health. According the New York Times, Tilapia fish which came from the Africa to the worldRead MoreIn this lab, we explore the effects of natural selection on a snail population in two separate600 Words   |  3 PagesIn this lab, we explore the effects of natural selection on a snail population in two separate environments. Natural Selection is a theory first introduced by Charles Darwin, who suggested that populations produce a large number of offspring which leads to limited resources for survival. This theory states that individuals who are best adapted to the environment are the ones who survive and live on to reproduce and pass on their genetic information to offspring. The adapted traits would accumulateRead MorePollution Of The Environment And The Home1208 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Environment There is a strong connection between the environment and the home; this implication refers, in one aspect, to a human’s inclination and love towards home. Because of this connection one should be as concerned for the environment as one is towards his/her own home. Pollution can be defined as anything which is unclean. It causes a lot of environmental issues and health problems not only to humans, but to all creatures on the earth. If we more deeply consider the effects of pollutionRead MoreThe Biological Old Regime Occurred Between The 15th And 18th Centuries1497 Words   |  6 Pageseasier, it also negatively affected the ecosystem. The top important environmental consequences resulting from the Industrial Revolution are an increase in population, pollution, and global warming. The Industrial Revolution began in Britain during the late 1700s. It took place during the 18th and 19th centuries. Document 3 displays the look of the environment at the beginning of this shift in society. It is filled with smoky chimneys. Machines and factories led to great productions, such as new systemsRead MoreNegative Effect of Overpopulation.1365 Words   |  6 PagesTHE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF POPULATION GROWTH Some observers attribute nearly all of the world s maladies to excessive population growth. They claim that rapid population growth has at least three adverse effects on human well-being. First, it increases poverty--the number of people that are impoverished, the proportion of the community that is impoverished, and the severity of the impoverishment. Second, it increases environmental degradation--the misuse of natural resources--with adverse consequencesRead MoreThe Effects Of Human Activity On The Biophysical Environment878 Words   |  4 PagesThe environment in which human beings and animals that we live are far much detailed and complex than most individuals think. The natural environment comprises of all living things and non-living things occurring naturally on earth’s surface or in a specific area. Both human and plants have to find a natural living balance to ensure that there is a balanced ecology in the environment we live in. On the same note, human population in a specific region may have both positive and negative effects on

Training and Workouts Free Essays

Erick Johnson is an endurance athlete who trains for the 3,000 metre race.   His training schedule involves steady pace runs, anaerobic threshold training, cruise intervals, pace surge training and repetition training.   Interval training and speed endurance also form part of his weekly workouts (Rogers, 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Training and Workouts or any similar topic only for you Order Now    The steady pace runs are aimed at increasing running efficiency, developing the cardiovascular system and improving the process of capillarization. For him to be able to tolerate and buffer the rise in lactic acid during running, Erick performs anaerobic threshold training.   Repetition training aims at   developing the pace consciousness of the athlete while pace-surging training involves alternating steady-pace runs with surges r bursts off speed running.   This helps him to be able to adjust to the shifts in the pace during a competition. All these components of his training are also aimed at increasing his endurance by lowering the rate at which lactate acid builds up and enhancing oxygen transportation. The exercises have the effect of increasing his metabolism to higher levels than that of the average human being. A weekly work out for Erick would be as follows, on a Monday he performs 20 minutes of aerobic threshold training run, followed by build ups and a period of cool-down.   On Tuesday he does an easy run of the 3000 metre race.   On Wednesday he does negative split runs four times, after which he does build-ups.   When doing the negative split run, he starts with five minutes warm up that involves walking briskly and jogging lightly. He then   runs at a moderate pace for ten minutes and increase his pace over the next ten minutes then he cools down for five minutes.   (http://outside.away.com/outside/fracture/2000609/negative-split-workout.html).   On Thursdays he does five repetitions of the actual race pace but that have been broken down to 900metre races.   Erick does the easy run and practices accelerations which means he is practising to increase his speed on Fridays.   On Saturdays he does his best average speed for the race in 1000metre intervals then on Sundays he does a long run. His training schedule sometimes changes by the week especially if a competition is close but with basically the same activities though at different frequencies and intervals. Daily Diet Breakfast 2 slices whole wheat toast Grape fruit 1 poached egg 1 tsp butter or vegetable margarine or honey Lunch 1 cup clear vegetable soup sprinkled with fresh herbs Brown rice 1 cup beans Green salad in season Dinner 2 slices meat steaks with vegetable Crisp bread 25g cottage cheese with fresh herbs 75g fresh fruit salad Snacks 1 cup apple juice, canned  ½ cup raw black berries 1 piece fruit cake 3 fig bar cookies Crackles regular wheat  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (USDA, 2005) The B complex vitamins are important for an endurance athlete especially because they have increased needs for vitamins due to the higher metabolism rates that are above the normal population.   The B complex vitamins are also involved in formation of red blood cells.   If deficient, red blood cells formation is compromised leading to fewer or poorly formed red blood cells resulting in decreased capacity for oxygen transportation which would compromise the endurance of the athlete (Moore, 2004) Deficiencies of the B complex vitamin may result in decreased capacity for endurance.   Vitamin B6 takes part in different processes of metabolism involving proteins and glycogen.   A high protein diet will thus result in increased need for vitamin B6.   Vitamin B12 is necessary for the formation of red blood cells and is also important to ensure their normal functioning.   Folic acid is also a requirement for red blood cell formation and metabolism of amino acids (Moore, 2004). References Rogers J, 2000 USA Track and Field Coaching Manual, Human Kinetics, ISBN 0880116048 Moore J, 2004 Vitamins, USMS retrieved from http://www.usms.org/articles/articledispaly.php?a=77 USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 20    How to cite Training and Workouts, Essay examples

Separate Assets for CGT Purposes

Question: Discuss about the Separate Assets for CGT Purposes. Answer: Introduction: In the given case, Hilary who is a well known mountain climber decides to his story to Daily terror newspaper for $10,000. She writes the story and assigns all the related rights to the news paper. Along with the same she even sold the manuscript to the Mitchell Library for $5,000 and several photographs that she took while mountain climbing for $2,000. As per the provision of Australian taxation law, any income that has been received by a person from his personal skills and efforts will be regarded as personal services income. An income that has been received will be classified as personal services income if 50% of the amount that has been received by the person is for labor, skill and expertise that have been possessed by the person. If the amount of income that has been received is majorly for the material, tools and equipment i.e. more than 50% then in that case, the entire income will not be classified under PSI income. The personal service income does not get impacted even if the same has been earned by a person who is receiving income from salary or wages. In case of a company or a partnership, if more than one person is working for the company, then for the purpose of the PSI calculation and rules, the same will be applied separately for them. However, there are certain exceptions to the rule. The PSI rules does not apply to the income that has been received by the individual from granting his intellectual property rights like book or computer program me etc. (ATO.Gov) Thus applying the provisions of above tax laws, it is evident that any income that has been received by a person from sale of his intellectual property rights will not be covered under personal services income. In the given case, being Hilary decides to his story to Daily terror newspaper for $10,000 along with all the related rights to the news paper. Along with the same she even sold the manuscript to the Mitchell Library for $5,000 and several photographs that she took while mountain climbing for $2,000. The life story in this case is form of a book thus in no case, the income that has been received from the sale of life story will be covered in the definition of personal service income. On the other hand, along with the life story, the Hilary sold the manuscript to the Mitchell Library for $5,000 and several photographs that she took while mountain climbing for $2,000. These both will be regarded as personal service income and thus will be taxed accordingly. If she would have written the story for his own satisfaction and then shoe would have sold later on, in that case as well, the same would not make any difference and still the provision of personal services income will be same as projected above. In the given case, a mother lent $40,000 to his son as a housing loan. There was a verbal agreement under which the son agreed to give $50,000 back to his mother at the end of 5 years. There was no formal agreement to this loan and the mother did not keep any security in relation to the loan that she has provided to his son. The mother later on asked his son not to provide any interest amount on the loan that she has taken from her. But the son at the end of 2nd year paid the entire amount with the amount of interest that has been calculated at the rate of 5%. He gave one cheque and made the full and final settlement for the entire loan amount. As per the provision of Australian tax laws, any income that has been received by a person on account of interest income on the loan amount that they have given to the any person or to any financial institution will be taxed as per the income tax laws. However any expenses that has incurred by the person in relation to the interest income will be allowed as deduction. (ATO.Gov) In the given case, a mother has lent $40,000 to his son and agreed verbally for interest worth $10,000 at times when the amount will be paid by the person. However later on she denied and asked his son to pay the principle amount and ignore the interest component. The intention of the person at times of lending the amount was to earn the interest income but being the agreement was not formal she denied and asked the son to ignore the interest amount, but in spite to the fact, the person paid the interest amount to his mother. In this case the amount of interest so received by the mother will be taxed in his hands as per the provision of the Australian tax laws. The son paid the interest amount at the rate of 5% and made one full and final settlement for the loan amount. Thus considering the overall picture and the provision of the tax laws, the amount of interest that has been received by the mother from his son on behalf of the loan will be taxed in his hands and will be treated as income. In the given case, Scott an accountant purchased a vacant land in the year 1980. In the year 1986, Scott decides to construct the house. The cost of the land at the time of purchase was $90,000 and he spent $60,000 on the construction cost. Scott in order to earn rental income decides to rent out the property. The property as result was rented out from the year the same was constructed. In the current year Scott decides to sell the property and sold the same in an auction for $800,000. As per the provision of Australian taxation law, a capital gain is a difference between the cost price of the asset and the price at which the same has been sold. The government has imposed tax on the capital gain that has been earned by the person. If there has been capital loss in one year, the same cannot be set of from other income of the year but the same can be carried forward and be set off capital gain that has been earned by the person in the coming years. As per the taxation laws, there are certain exemption to the capital gain tax. The house that has been owned by a person plus the depreciable assets etc are not covered in the definition of the capital gain tax and thus the same is ignored. Further, most of the real estate other than the main residence is subject to the capital gain tax laws that have been imposed by the government. From the perspective of real estate, capital gain tax includes vacant land, rental properties etc. Further if nay asset has been held for more one year, the capital gain will be computed after considering the consumer price index (CPI). Further the capital gain tax has been introduced in the country in the year 1985. Thus any asset that has been acquired before 1985 will not be subject to the provision of the capital gain tax laws. On the other hand, for the purpose of the tax laws, the land and the building that has been constructed will be considered as separate. As per the tax laws, any building that has been constructed on the land that has been acquired before 20th Sept 1985 will be treated as a separate asset all together. (ATO.Gov) Considering the provision of the capital gain tax laws, Scott has purchased the land in the year 1980 for $90,000. The capital gain tax laws were introduced in the year 1985. Thus being he purchased it before the specified date thus, he will not be covered under the provision of the capital gain tax laws. In the given case being the construction has been started from the year 1986, the same will fall in the tax bracket and thus the building so constructed will be covered in the definition of the capital gain tax. In the given case, in order to segregate the portion of the amount that has been received at the time of sale of the house into land and building is difficult. In the given case being the segregation hasnt been provided thus we will proportionate the same in ratio of the purchase. Thus in that case, the amount received from the sale of the entire construction will be $480,000 for the land and $320,000 for the construction. Now, being the land is not a capital gain asset, thu s the same will not be eligible for tax but Scott has earned capital gain worth $260,000 ($320,000- $60,000) from the construction. Thus in that case, Scott will have to pay capital gain tax on $260,000. If Scott has given the asset to his daughter from $200,000, in that case for capital gain purposes, the transaction will be assumed to be taken place at arms length price and thus the capital gain will be computed accordingly. Thus the capital gain will remain same as per above calculation. In case if the owner of the property would have been a company instead of an individual, then also the provision of the capital gain would have been remained the same. Conclusion Thus in the given case, Scott will have pay the capital gain tax on capital gain worth $260,000. In case he would have sold the property to his daughter, the capital gain will be computed at arms lengths price and will be taxed accordingly Further, it doesnt make any difference whether the property would have been owned by a company or individual. References ATo.Gov.au, Separate assets for CGT purposes, viewed on 29th April 2017, Retrieved from https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/In-detail/Real-estate/Separate-assets-for-CGT-purposes/ ATo.Gov.au, working out your capital gain, viewed on 29th April 2017, Retrieved from https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/Working-out-your-capital-gain-or-loss/Working-out-your-capital-gain/ ATo.Gov.au, Capital gains tax, viewed on 29th April 2017, Retrieved from https://www.ato.gov.au/general/capital-gains-tax/ ATo.Gov.au, why do you need a market valuation? viewed on 29th April 2017, Retrieved from https://www.ato.gov.au/General/Capital-gains-tax/In-detail/Real-estate/Transferring-real-estate-to-family-or-friends/?page=3

Library Bucket List for Writers - The Writers For Hire

LIBRARY BUCKET LIST FOR WRITERS It has been said that the very best writers in the world learned their craft by reading the works of other great writers. After all, just as you could never truly learn a language without hearing it, it is impossible to know what good writing looks like without reading it. And what better place to read than a library full of books? Not all libraries are created the same, though. Here are 11 incredible libraries that every writer should put on their â€Å"must see† bucket lists! Biblioteca Joanina- Coimbra,Portugal This incredible baroque-style library is not just aesthetically pleasing. It also acts as home to a colony of bats. Apparently, the bats protect the library’s books by eating potentially harmful insects within the library. Trinity College Library- Dublin, Ireland Trinity College Library- Dublin, Ireland El Escorial Library- El Escorial, Spain This gorgeous library dates back to the Spanish Renaissance. It features black and white marbled floors and a spectacular arched ceiling that is said to have been the inspiration for the Vatican library. The City Library- Stuttgart, Germany If you are a fan of modern architecture and clean lines, this is the library for you. The entire interior is done entirely in white, with the only touches of color coming from the books and the muted gray-blue furniture. George Peabody Library- Baltimore, Maryland This incredible library is known as the â€Å"cathedral of books.† The library, which houses a 300,000 volume book collection, boasts a spectacular five-tiered atrium with black and white marble floors, gold-lined columns, and beautiful cast-iron balconies. The Raza Library- Rampur, India Once part of the royal palace, this stunning library is now considered a protected monument under the rule of the Indian government. The library’s impressive collection includes 17,000 rare manuscripts, 205 hand-written palm leaves, and 5,000 miniature paintings. The British Library- London, England The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom, and is also the largest national library in the world, housing over 200 million items from around the world. Located next to the spectacular Kings Cross Station, the library boasts a large variety of treasures, including hand-written song lyrics by the Beatles, Leonardo DaVinci’s notebook, and the Magna Carta. Austrian National Library- Vienna, Austria This remarkable baroque-style library originally opened in 1723, as a royal library. Its exquisite bookcases are surrounded by grandiose columns, beautiful frescoed ceilings, and checkered marble floors. Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana- Venice, Italy Every year thousands of tourists flock to the Piazza San Marco in Venice, Italy. However, few of them take the time to step into the magnificent Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana. This beautiful renaissance-style library is one of the oldest remaining libraries in Italy, and houses one of the greatest collections of classical texts in the world. Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana- Venice, Italy Bilioteca Nacional do Brazil- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil This impressive neo-classical library is the largest library in Latin America, and the 7th largest in the world. Its incredible collection includes over 9 million items, and boasts an extensive collection of rare photos from as early as the 19th century. The Tianyi Pavilion Library- Ningbo City, China This exquisite library is the epitome of beautiful Chinese architecture. The library, which is the oldest private library in the world, is home to 300,000 ancient books, including a number of wood-cut and handwritten titles.

Oration - Definition and Examples

Oration s An oration is a  speech delivered in a formal and dignified manner.  A skilled public speaker is known as an orator. The art of delivering speeches is called oratory. In classical rhetoric, notes  George A. Kennedy, orations were classified into a number of formal genres, each with a technical name and certain conventions of structure and content (Classical Rhetoric and Its Christian and Secular Tradition, 1999). The primary categories of orations in  classical rhetoric were  deliberative  (or political),  judicial  (or forensic), and  epideictic  (or ceremonial).   The term oration sometimes carries a negative connotation: any impassioned, pompous, or long-winded speech (Oxford English Dictionary). EtymologyFrom the Latin, plead, speak, pray Observations Clark Mills BrinkWhat, then, is an oration? An oration is an oral discourse on a worthy and dignified theme, adapted to the average hearer, and whose aim is to influence the will of that hearer. PlutarchIt is a thing of no great difficulty to raise objections against another mans oration, nay, it is a very easy matter; but to produce a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome. Paul Oskar KristellerIn classical antiquity, the oration was the very center of rhetorical theory and practice, though among the three types of speech- deliberative, judiciary, and epideictic- the last was to become the most important in the later centuries of antiquity. During the Middle Ages, the secular public speech and the political and social institutions supporting it disappeared more or less completely. Rhetorica Ad Herennium, c. 90 BCThe Introduction is the beginning of the discourse, and by it the hearers mind is prepared for attention. The Narration or Statement of Facts sets forth the events that have occurred or might have occurred. By means of the Division we make clear what matters are agreed upon and what are contested, and announce what points we intend to take up. Proof is the presentation of our arguments, together with their corroboration. Refutation is the destruction of our adversaries arguments. The Conclusion is the end of the discourse, formed in accordance with the principles of the Art. David Rosenwasser and Jill StephenIf you read or listen to (for example) political speeches, you will find that many of them follow this order. This is because the form of the classical oration is suited primarily to argument- to the kind of writing in which the writer makes a case for or against something and refutes opposing arguments. Don Paul Abbott[Throughout the Renaissance,] the oration remained fixed as the supreme form of discourse, just as it had been for the Romans. In the opinion of Walter Ong, the oration tyrannized over ideas of what expression as such- literary or other- was....It is no exaggeration to say that the rules of the classical oration were applied to every kind of discourse.

Philosophy of Food - An Authentic Approach to Eating

Philosophy of Food - An Authentic Approach to Eating A good philosophical question can arise from anywhere. Did you ever think, for example, that sitting down to dinner or strolling through the supermarket might serve as a good introduction to philosophical thinking? That is the foremost philosopher of food’s credo. What’s Philosophical About Food? Philosophy of food finds its basis on the idea that food is a mirror. You may have heard the saying ‘we are what we eat.’ Well, there is more to say regarding this relation. Eating mirrors the making of a self, that is, the array of decisions and circumstances that bring us to eat the way we do. In them, we can see reflected a detailed and comprehensive image of ourselves. Philosophy of food reflects on the ethical, political, social, artistic, identity-defining aspects of food. It spurs from the challenge to more actively pondering our diets and eating habits so as to understand who we are in a deeper, more authentic way. Food as a Relation Food is a relation. Something is food only with respect to some organism, in a set of circumstances. These, first of all, are bound to vary from moment to moment. For instance, coffee and pastry are a fine breakfast or afternoon snack; yet, to most of us they are unpalatable for dinner. Secondly, circumstances are bound to involve principles that are, at least in appearance, contradictory. Say, you refrain from eating soda at home, but at the bowling alley, you enjoy one. At the supermarket, you buy only non-organic meat, but on vacation, you crave for a McBurger with fries. As such, any given ‘food relation is first and foremost the mirror of an eater: depending on the circumstances, it represents the eater’s needs, habits, convictions, deliberations, and compromises. Food Ethics Probably the most obvious philosophical aspects of our diet are the ethical convictions that shape it. Would you eat a cat? A rabbit? Why or why not? It’s likely that the reasons you give for your stance are rooted in ethical principles, such as: â€Å"I love too much cats to eat them!† or even â€Å"How could you do such a thing!† Or, consider vegetarianism: a large number of those who conform to this diet do so to prevent unjustified violence being done to animals other than human. In Animal Liberation, Peter Singer labeled â€Å"speciesism† the attitude of those who draw unjustified distinctions between Homo sapiens and other animal species (like racism sets an unjustified distinction between one race and all others). Clearly, some of those rules are mingled with religious principles: justice and heaven can come together on the table at, as they do on other occasions. Food as Art? Can food be art? Can a cook ever aspire to be an artist on a par with Michelangelo, Leonardo, and Van Gogh? This question has spurred heated debates over the past years. Some argued that food is (at best) a minor art. For three main reasons. First, because foods are short-lived in comparison to, e.g., chunks of marble. Second, food is intrinsically linked to a practical purpose – nourishment. Third, food depends on its material constitution in a way in which music, painting, or even sculpture are not. A song such as â€Å"Yesterday† has been released on vinyl, cassette, CD, and as a mp3; food cannot be alike transferred. The best cooks would hence be very good artisans; they can be paired with fancy hairdressers or skilled gardeners. On the other hand, some think that this perspective is unfair. Cooks have recently started featuring in art shows and this seems to concretely disprove the previous remarks. Probably the most famous case in point is Ferran Adri, the Catalan chef who revolutionized the world of cooking over the past three decades. Food Experts Americans keep in high esteem the role of food experts; French and Italians notoriously do not. Probably, it’s because of different ways to regard the practice of evaluation of a food. Is that French onion soup authentic? The review says the wine is elegant: is that the case? Food or wine tasting is arguably an entertaining activity, and it’s a conversation starter. Yet, is there a truth when it comes to judgments about food? This is one of the hardest philosophical questions. In his famous essay â€Å"Of the Standard of Taste†, David Hume shows how one can be inclined to answer both â€Å"Yes† and â€Å"No† to that question. On the one hand, my tasting experience is not yours, so it is totally subjective; on the other, provided an adequate level of expertise, there is nothing odd with imagining to challenge a reviewer’s opinion about a wine or a restaurant. Food Science Most foods we buy at the supermarket carry on their labels â€Å"nutritional facts†. We use them in order to guide ourselves in our diet, to stay healthy. But, what do those numbers have to do really with the stuff we have in front of us and with our stomachs? What â€Å"facts† do they help us establishing really? Can nutritionism be regarded as a natural science on a par with – say – cell biology? For historians and philosophers of science, food is a fertile terrain of research because it raises basic questions regarding the validity of laws of nature (do we really know any law regarding metabolism?) and the structure of scientific research (who finances the studies on the nutritional facts you find on the labels?) Food Politics Food is also at the center of a number of funding questions for political philosophy. Here are some. One. The challenges that food consumption poses to the environment. For example, did you know that factory farming is responsible for a higher rate of pollution than airfare travel? Two. Food trades raise issues of fairness and equity in the global market. Exotic goods such as coffee, tea, and chocolate are chief examples: through the history of their commerce, we can reconstruct the complex relationships between continents, States, and people over the past three-four centuries. Three. Food production, distribution, and retail is an opportunity to talk about the condition of workers across the earth. Food and Self-Understanding In the end, as the average person enters at least a few ‘food relations’ per day, a refusal to ponder eating habits in a meaningful manner can be likened to a lack of self-understanding or lack authenticity. Since self-understanding and authenticity are among the chief aims of philosophical inquiry, then food becomes a true key to philosophical insight. The gist of the philosophy of food is hence the quest for an authentic diet, a quest that can be readily furthered by analyzing other aspects of ‘food relations’.

Developing Cross-Cultural Capability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Developing Cross-Cultural Capability - Essay Example Despite the development made by Hall, the ideas were still discreet. Later, Hoftstede (1980; 2000) brought about actual developments in the idea of cross-cultural management. On one hand, five distinct cultural dimensions were identified by Hofstede (1991; 1993) that sets two countries apart. On the other hand, seven similar cultural dimensions were identified by Trompenaars (1993). The five of the seven common cultural dimensions as identified by the research scholars are individualism versus collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity versus femininity, power distance and long-term versus short-term orientation (Hofstede, 1980; 2000). In the due course of working as an HR head for the company, the researcher has realized that the company is planning to take its first step in the international field and has no prior experiences of business expansions across borders. In addition, majority of the managers who have worked or are still working either belong to the European Union co untries or UK. Given the aforementioned fact, for a business expanding into countries like, Nigeria, China and Brazil, the five cultural dimensions may pose severe challenges as well as present with prospective opportunities, as far as the theory of cross-cultural management is concerned. For example, it has been witnessed in many empirical researches that majority of the European companies find it very hard to understand the aspect of collectivism followed by Chinese employees (Cheng, Jiang and Riley, 2003; Chen, Tsui and Farh, 2002).

Read the Book Cures by Martin Duberman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Read the Book Cures by Martin Duberman - Essay Example In this text, the writer documents his own struggle with his personalized homophobia between 1948 and 1973 when he ultimately manages to become successful, attaining his own freedom as a forthrightly gay person via his engagement with political activism. This is a wonderful book that gives a clear insight into the life of self-confessed gay person, as well as giving us a view of how life is for such persons. On reading the book, I definitely liked every bit of it as it is a reality that most people fear to face, though an emotional one. The writer, first a very bright student, who later became a recognized historian, a successful author and a creative tutor. His remarkable predilection for academic success serves as a harbor away from his libido’s temptation and also as a fortification from his own psyche given to self-hatred and self-doubt when he is not filled with the duty of completing all the several projects at once (34-78). Eventually, after about twenty years of indiff erent failed attempts at relinquishing his homosexuality, we find that be becomes successful, attaining his own freedom as a forthrightly gay person largely via his engagement with political activism. ... Moreover, he captures outstandingly well the complexity as well as the indistinctness of his personal struggle by depicting himself as unquestionably harboring homophobic view whereas, concurrently, experiencing the enjoyment that comes with the homosexual intimacy (67-98). Correspondingly, he paradoxically demonstrates the vainness of the ‘cures’ with tales of his developmental discovery of the subculture of gay and the enjoyment he gets from his experiences of homosexual sex whereas concurrently making trips every week to the psychiatrist who was supposed to help him get out of the ‘pathological’ inclinations or habits. His story clearly demonstrates that, during these twenty years, the secret was the norm. The freedom lobby group was in the hands of just a few whereas the large number of the lesbians and gays all over the country, who were struggling with personal self-hatred and their routine struggle for the physical and psychological survival, always p aid very little attention or were never bothered at all concerning the growing movement for the freedom of an identity that they were dynamically attempting to refute (121-176). Nevertheless, the writer himself, now well acquainted with the facts regarding the history of the liberation of lesbians and gays, does not make any claim to have realized its emergence and developments, to have embraced them on some occasions when he actually realized them, or to have even known their significance as they were growing. His own entrenched denunciation of homosexuality as being a pathological forced him to belittle the efforts of lesbian and gay proponents to gain sight and to fight the stigmatization of the society. The internal struggles of Doberman

Time Travel Essay Example for Free

Time Travel Essay Most people are familiar with the idea of wormholes in space. Try to imagine the universe as a balloon. When you pick two spots on the balloon and push toward the center, you can make those two points meet with no space between them. To imply that idea was true for the universe would mean that two points far from each other could be traversed in one step. The normal immense distance between the earth and the moon, or even another galaxy could be skipped by taking a shortcut. Now imagine time as a ribbon with ripples. The same idea could be applied to time. What if you took the ribbon at the base of two ripples and joined it? The longer distance between those two points in time, now out in a loop, could be skipped by passing where the ribbon touches. There are a few problems though. When travelling through time, one can only travel forward. Travelling backward seems impossible because changing something would have an effect on your opinion back when you came from. That would change your motivation for going back in the first place, and you wouldnt make the change at all. For example, if you went back in time and successfully prevented the assassination of JFK then back when you came from JFK would have lived and your motivation would not exist. If JFK were alive, then you would never have the idea to go back in time to prevent his death. If you dont go back however, he would have died which would once more provide the motivation. Going backward ties the ribbon in knots; the action itself might be possible, but to do it would be to condemn yourself to a life in limbo while the rest of existence is living two lives.

Norway and Its Climate Changes Essay -- Global Warming Essays

Climate change is a major global issue and is a pressing issue in Norway as well. The country has ratified the Kyoto Protocol and signed on to other treaties regarding the state of the earth. Similar to its history, current climate changes may have adverse effects on the culture and economy of Norway. Two significant climate change issues in Norway are carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and the warming of the Arctic Ocean; both have important impacts on both Norway and the world. Climate change is not a new phenomenon for Norwegians. Some historians believe that slightly over two thousand years ago the climate in Norway drastically changed from tropical conditions to frigid conditions, slightly more extreme than there is today (Larsen 15). This climate change had many effects on Norwegians, such as settling down and also changing the way they found their food. Since the climate became too cold for the agriculture they were used to, Norwegians shifted their focus to hunting and fishing. This change in climate had a drastic effect on early Norwegian culture. Two thousand years later Norwegians are still facing climate change. However, this type of climate change is much different and more man-made than the previous. In the year 2004 the world is facing a climate change problem and international policies are required to help remedy this problem. Norway has been one of the most complacent countries in the world in regards to its environmental policies and its efforts to reduce CO 2 emissions. In January of 1991, Norway introduced a CO 2 tax to try to reduce CO 2 emissions. There are several taxes in place such as: twenty dollars per barrel of oil, thirteen cents per liter of gasoline, and sixty-four dollars per ton of coal1... ...te ten millennia ago and the warming of the climate today: today scientists have reason to believe that global warming is the result of excessive emissions of damaging gases into the ozone whereas there is not a lot of evidence suggesting the earlier warming was human-induced (O'Riordan 80). â€Å"Think globally, act locally,† is a widely-used phrased when discussing global environmentalism. Norway has been doing its best as a country to take local action in order to try to decrease ozone pollution and increase sustainable practices. Norway has shown its leadership with its initiatives to improve its CO 2 emissions and its work with ACIA to identify current Arctic climate change problems and try to develop solutions. Only time will tell how Norway ’s climate will change and what affect that will have on global climate change and international environmental policies. Norway and Its Climate Changes Essay -- Global Warming Essays Climate change is a major global issue and is a pressing issue in Norway as well. The country has ratified the Kyoto Protocol and signed on to other treaties regarding the state of the earth. Similar to its history, current climate changes may have adverse effects on the culture and economy of Norway. Two significant climate change issues in Norway are carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and the warming of the Arctic Ocean; both have important impacts on both Norway and the world. Climate change is not a new phenomenon for Norwegians. Some historians believe that slightly over two thousand years ago the climate in Norway drastically changed from tropical conditions to frigid conditions, slightly more extreme than there is today (Larsen 15). This climate change had many effects on Norwegians, such as settling down and also changing the way they found their food. Since the climate became too cold for the agriculture they were used to, Norwegians shifted their focus to hunting and fishing. This change in climate had a drastic effect on early Norwegian culture. Two thousand years later Norwegians are still facing climate change. However, this type of climate change is much different and more man-made than the previous. In the year 2004 the world is facing a climate change problem and international policies are required to help remedy this problem. Norway has been one of the most complacent countries in the world in regards to its environmental policies and its efforts to reduce CO 2 emissions. In January of 1991, Norway introduced a CO 2 tax to try to reduce CO 2 emissions. There are several taxes in place such as: twenty dollars per barrel of oil, thirteen cents per liter of gasoline, and sixty-four dollars per ton of coal1... ...te ten millennia ago and the warming of the climate today: today scientists have reason to believe that global warming is the result of excessive emissions of damaging gases into the ozone whereas there is not a lot of evidence suggesting the earlier warming was human-induced (O'Riordan 80). â€Å"Think globally, act locally,† is a widely-used phrased when discussing global environmentalism. Norway has been doing its best as a country to take local action in order to try to decrease ozone pollution and increase sustainable practices. Norway has shown its leadership with its initiatives to improve its CO 2 emissions and its work with ACIA to identify current Arctic climate change problems and try to develop solutions. Only time will tell how Norway ’s climate will change and what affect that will have on global climate change and international environmental policies.

Difficulty Of Teaching Narrative Writing In English Class

It is an undeniable fact that narrative authorship is one of the most hard constructs to learn in an English authorship category. One of the aims of the KBSM English course of study ( 2000 ) states that pupils should be able to ‘listen, position, read and respond to different texts, and express thoughts, sentiments, ideas and feelings imaginatively and creatively in spoken and written signifier ‘ . Therefore, narrative authorship has become a staple inquiry in the Continuous Writing subdivision of Paper 1 for the English SPM scrutiny. Despite the 9 old ages of composing experience the pupils had, bulk of the pupils in Malaysia are still doing serious composing mistakes in their narrative essay. These mistakes are largely lingual mistakes but mistakes made in composing mechanics are every bit as damaging. Since the KBSM course of study ‘s origin, instructors all around the state and even pedagogues in universities have been seeking to order a methodological analysis on learning authorship. However, merely a little minority would turn to Computer Assisted Language Learning ( CALL ) as a possible solution and how many would really recognize that young persons of this coevals are really much technologically savvy? By working this tendency, we might be able to incorporate engineering into the schoolroom on a whole new degree, beyond the initial theories of CALL. Video games, a signifier of amusement enjoyed by young persons and grownups likewise hold a well of possible in helping linguistic communication acquisition. In this research, I will be looking at how playing a specific genre of picture games will act upon the narrative authorship accomplishments of a Malayan ESL scholar. Background of Problem Video games are a large portion of the lives of pupils all around the universe. Based on the annual hardware gross revenues statistics released by VGChartz.com, 28.4 million gambling consoles were sold as of July 2010 and 12 % of the consoles were sold in the Asiatic part ( excepting Japan ) . Additionally, The Entertainment Software Association ( 2010 ) estimated about 25 % of worldwide gamers are below 18 old ages of age. By synergizing both statistics, it has become an undeniable fact that pupils below 18 old ages of age would hold played some signifier of video game. This opened a well of possible where linguistic communication acquisition elements could be integrated into video games. Harmonizing to Salisch, Oppl and Kristen ( 2006 ) , educational games can better a kid ‘s cognition in about all topics including reading, speech production, listening and composing accomplishments in the kid ‘s native linguistic communication. Therefore, it could be said that picture g ames play a important function in enriching a scholar ‘s composing ability as video game narratives are normally narrative driven to plunge the participant into its narrative. Presently, instructors in Malaysia are still discerning about the use of Computer Assisted Language Learning tools in the schoolroom. The failure of English for the Teaching of Mathematics and Science is one of the testaments to this fact. Countless CALL courseware were developed but non to the full utilized by the instructor. Teachers in Malaysia still prefer to utilize traditional learning methods of chalk and talk over technology-aided instruction methods. The true potency of CALL has yet to be to the full tapped by English instructors in Malaysia. The ineffectualness of current English instruction methodological analysiss could possibly be that the pupils, being technologically savvy, happen the traditional lessons drilling, uninteresting and non exciting. Teachers who refuse to encompass the technological civilization of the pupils such as the Internet and video games may hold missed out on the assorted benefits these tools could potentially offer. In this survey, I will be utilizing the action-adventure picture game developed by the award winning developer, Naughty Dog Inc. , entitled ‘UNCHARTED 2: Among Thievesa„? ‘ entirely for the PlayStationA ® 3 bet oning console. This game has been dubbed as one of the best action escapade titles of all time developed for the PlayStationA ®3 console. Harmonizing to Arne Meyer ( 2010 ) , a Community Strategist of Naughty Dog Inc, ‘UNCHARTED 2: Among Thievesa„? ‘ has sold over 3.8 million transcripts worldwide and has won legion Game of The Year award. This game featured dramatic in-game events that will do the participant an active participant in the cinematic experience and its gambling engine, designed specifically for the PlayStation3 console, successfully captured human emotions for in-game portraiture. This characteristic of the game made it alone and set it apart from all the other picture games of the same genre. This research seeks to turn to some of the pressing issues in the gray country of video games and linguistic communication acquisition through extended interaction with a commercially available picture game. Can playing a picture game truly help pupils in geting certain linguistic communication accomplishment? More specifically, this research is designed to analyze larning from games by measuring what adolescents in Form 4 learn by playing an bing, off the shelf, commercially available electronic picture game: ‘UNCHARTED 2: Among Thievesa„? ‘ . The game ‘Uncharted 2: Among Thievesa„? ‘ was developed to entertain, but can besides be used to learn narrative composing due to its immersive game drama experience and narrative construction. Problem Statement The current coevals of ESL scholars in Malaysia is turning up in an progressively technologically advanced universe. In a coevals where traditional acquisition methods are going disused, instructors of ESL would necessitate to switch their paradigms to accept modern learning methods which revolved around engineering itself. Over the past few old ages, research in Computer Assisted Language Learning ( CALL ) has been impactful and it has become an constituted fact that linguistic communication acquisition through CALL methods are really much successful in the current coevals of ESL scholars. However, advocates of CALL have yet to develop a method which specifically targets the narrative authorship ability of an ESL scholar. Research workers and instructors would hold that the narrative accomplishment is the trickiest accomplishment to learn in an ESL schoolroom as narrative authorship required a high degree of originative thought. But, many research workers failed to see an of import tool in their research: picture games. Although legion research have been done on the effects of video games on a kid ‘s psychological development and acquisition, small or none have focused on its effects on an ESL scholar ‘s narrative authorship ability, particularly in a local context. Because of this, picture games are non to the full exploited for their wealth in linguistic communication instruction. The general perceptual experience of video games in the older coevals is that picture games do non lend anything to the educational development of a kid. Video games are seen as distracting, un-educational, and unhealthy. It was frequently blamed for doing pupils to execute severely in their surveies. These misconceptions are farther aggravated by the legion researches which seemed to link picture games and violent behaviour in kids. These factors caused video games to be stigmatized and overlooked as a possible linguistic communication larning tool. However, recent surveies concluded that there are no existent correlativity between playing picture games and negative behaviour development among kids ; some kids even performed better than their non-game playing equals ( Durkin & A ; Barber, 2002 ) . It would be interesting to analyze at the extent of lingual betterment influenced by the picture game and the factors doing it as current surveies have yet to happen a solid correlativity between video game playing and narrative authorship accomplishment development. Most ESL scholars ‘ acquisition of an L2 from video games is inadvertent. This means, the games were non designed with linguistic communication acquisition as its end, instead, the game was written with the exclusive aim of plunging the participant into the narrative and doing them bury that they are really playing the game ( Dansky 2007 ) . This created a pseudo-immersion environment where the scholar ‘s L2 ( in this instance, English ) is used was the chief medium of communicating as the full game is presented in English. Professional game authors are normally incognizant of the fact that the narrative construction they applied in their game book are being subconsciously absorbed by participants to develop narrative composing constructions of their ain. Since most Malayan parents and pedagogues do non play nor understand picture games, they are non cognizant that picture games are embedded with a rich narrative construction which could be transferred to its participants . Most parents and pedagogues frequently complained that childs presents are passing excessively much clip playing video games. They felt that picture games are non relevant to a child ‘s academic advancement and that clip is better exhausted making something more productive. These sentiments stemmed from the fact that grownups are merely loath to accept the outgrowth of new engineerings and unwilling to interrupt out of the traditional ‘safe-zones ‘ based on theories and methods which worked good over the old ages. Parents and pedagogues likewise needed to be informed on the potency of video games heightening linguistic communication acquisition and to be taught how to utilize this tool efficaciously. Once they learn to see through their kid ‘s eyes, they will eventually interrupt the stigma which plagued pictures games for old ages. There is besides a go oning confusion between edutainment package and commercial picture games. Edutainment package were designed in the 1980s and falls under type 2 of Communicative CALL. Many ESL instructors were either non positive or incognizant that edutainment package designed under the Communicative CALL stage is able to better an ESL scholar ‘s linguistic communication acquisition. Furthermore, these package are frequently expansive and were extremely dependent on progressively bettering computing machine hardware, therefore, edutainment package had been shunned by the learning community in general. Now, with the outgrowth of commercial gambling, instructors of ESL will be able to work commercial picture games to enrich their schoolroom. Hardware jobs which plagued edutainment were made disused with bet oning consoles and teachers no longer hold to obtain a licence to utilize the package in the schoolroom due to the Fair Use clause under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act ( DCMA ) . ESL instructors would hold to understand that edutainment package and commercial package are separate entities and that commercial picture games are merely every bit educational as its edutainment opposite number. Besides, commercial picture games have a greater potency of heightening linguistic communication acquisition compared to edutainment package as the bulk of edutainment package focused on all topic but English and it is still designed with drill and pattern methodological analysiss in head ; an out-of-date attack in the ELT universe. Purpose of Research The intent of this research is to place the elements in the narrative construction used in action-adventure picture games in relation to general ESL narration. Apart from that, this survey besides aims to analyze the influence of action-adventure picture games in scholars of ESL ‘s narrative authorship ability. Aims of Research There are two aims in this research. It aims to: – place the elements in the narrative construction used in action escapade picture games in relation to general ESL narration. analyze the influence of action escapade picture games in scholars of ESL ‘s narrative authorship ability. Research Questions The followers are the research inquiries that I will look into: – what are the elements in the narrative construction used in action escapade picture games in relation to general ESL narration? how would action gamble picture games influence an ESL scholar ‘s narrative authorship ability? Scope of Research This research will be done on 5 selected Form 4 male pupils of Maktab Sultan Abu Bakar ( English College ) JB and would be look intoing the influence of action-adventure picture games on their narrative authorship ability by concentrating on the narrative constructions used in their written narrative. Significance of Research The impact the research may convey is that in the hereafter, professionals from both the academic and video game industry may be able to clearly separate between edutainment games and commercial picture games. An avenue of future coaction to bring forth a game which is both gratifying and written utilizing pedagogical theories of linguistic communication acquisition could be done to sublimely integrate linguistic communication larning teaching method with commercial picture games. Blending both the gambling industry and the academic industry would open up an ocean of larning chances for both professionals to farther innovate in their Fieldss. Game interior decorators would be able to plan a game which still held true to the game design doctrine of doing games fun, prosecuting, synergistic and cinematic and at the same clip, doing the game a well of linguistic communication instruction resources for linguistic communication practicians. Language instructors may besides profit from fut ure coactions with game authors as they will be able to leave their narrative authorship cognition to be taught in schools. Apart from that, hopefully from the fruitful nature of this research, instructors of ESL would recognize that playing picture games are non merely a waste of clip. Teachers could tackle the potency of video games to integrate a picture game into the schoolroom by holding the pupils composing brooding diaries to chronicle their gambling experience and that written and unwritten assignments could be given based on the played game. Learners of ESL would no longer happen English as a drilling topic to larn as video games would excite their involvement and their acquisition of L2 may be hastened with the background cognition activated. Teachers of ESL could besides experiment with the different genres of commercial picture games available in the market to happen new dynamic resources to develop teaching stuffs and lessons. These eternal possibilities would basically take the stigmatisation of video games among instructors of ESL in Malaysia to further work the full potency of video games as an synergistic linguistic communication larning tool. Last but non least, this research would open up new possibilities and agencies of supplying meaningful and piquant content through an electronic medium, hence, broadening the range and execution of Computer Assisted Language Learning in Malaysia. CALL ‘s development in Malaysia boomed with the authorities ‘s English for the Teaching of Mathematics and Science ( ETMS ) . But, it is once more put on a dead clasp as the authorities reversed the policy in 2009. This research, if done right, would be able to kick get down CALL ‘s development in Malaysia and perchance launch Malaysia into video game design. Once the learning community recognized the potency of commercial picture games, game developers in Malaysia would derive the motive to bring forth high quality games which are suited to the Malaysian context, retaining the really aspects which made commercially successful picture games fun and prosecuting, at the same clip imbued with educational ends as stated in the National Education Philosophy. Restrictions of Research. As this is a little graduated table research, it is bound to hold its restrictions. This research uses an experimental research design with a purposive sampling method ; choosing merely 5 respondents, the consequences derived from this survey might non stand for the general population. This is due to the hardware restriction of the survey which merely allows for 2 PlayStationA ®3 console to be used throughout the 6 hebdomad survey ( budget constrains ) , restricting the figure of participants in order to run into the 6 hebdomad period. Besides, this research will merely be taking in Form 4 male pupils of Maktab Sultan Abu Bakar ( English College ) JB, therefore, the effects of the picture game would hold on female pupils could non be done due to the gender choice. Last, I ‘m concentrating merely on the construction of the narrative essay produced by the respondents. So, this research would non be able to find the effects of video game in other countries of linguistic communic ation larning such as vocabulary acquisition, grammar sweetening, unwritten accomplishments etc. Definition of Footings Action-adventure games Action-adventure gamesA combine elements of their two constituent genres, action and escapade. Typically having long-run obstructions that must be overcome utilizing a tool or point as purchase, every bit good as many smaller obstructions about invariably in the manner, that require elements of action games to get the better of. Action-adventure games tend to concentrate on geographic expedition and normally affect point assemblage, simple mystifier resolution, and combat. Narrative A narrative is basically a narrative that is created in a constructive format that describes a sequence ofA fictionalA orA non-fictionalA events. Video Game Narrative Video game narration is the constituent of storytelling within the picture game ‘s book. It serves as a method by which the narrative stuffs are communicated to the audience. Narrative In video game design, the narrative is what really happens in the class of the game which can be differentiated from its game mechanics and be translated into a narrative. Backstory The backstory inside informations the history prior to the events of the game and it provides the reply to the inquiry â€Å" What happened antecedently? † and â€Å" What caused this state of affairs to go on? † Submergence Submergence is defined in video game design as the province of head where a individual is wholly absorbed in what they are making. This is the ultimate end in every game narrative as entire submergence allows the participants to be absorbed into the narrative and allows maximal amusement experience.

Pyramus and Thisby Essay

In spite of that, Bottom considers his acting to be remarkable, so remarkable that he thinks he can play all the characters of â€Å"Pyramus and Thisby†. â€Å"†¦ I will roar you as gently as any sucking dove; I will roar you an ’twere any nightingale. † Bottom feels that he is fully capable of playing the role of a gentle, charming Thisby, and even that of a monstrously horrifying lion. This characteristic of his is very effective in generating hilarity as he very naively presumes that he alone can handle the production of â€Å"Pyramus and Thisby†. Contrarily, his performance as Pyramus alone is rather alarming. â€Å"Now die, die, die, die, die. † Bottom tries exceedingly hard to convince the audience of Pyramus’ death. The word â€Å"die† is repeated four times, implying how incessantly Bottom tries to assure the onlookers that he is unquestionably dead. This initiates some final mirth on Bottom’s foolishly absurd identity. Bottom’s transformation into a donkey is another very amusing part of the play. What makes this idiosyncrasy all the more entertaining is his nescience about it throughout the play. â€Å"I see their knavery. This to make an ass of me, to fright me, if they could. † Bottom never realises the radical change he has undergone and very potently amplifies the hilarity of the comedy since he leads all his actions normally, never comprehending how abnormal he looks. Also very effective in this dialogue of Bottom’s is the usage of the word â€Å"ass† as a pun. He is completely unaware that at the precise moment that he is uttering the dialogue, an ass is literally what he looks. His declaration of the other workmen making an â€Å"ass† of him is also humorous since his name â€Å"Bottom† already signifies his existence as an ass. Furthermore, is the levity of Bottom’s romance with Titania. Unfamiliar with the fairies, Bottom is far from apprehending why Titania confesses love for him. â€Å"Methinks mistress, you should have little reason for that. And yet, to say the truth, reason and love keep little company together now-a-days. † Bottom’s statement is greatly suited to the moment, not only to describe his situation but also that of the four lovers. Like Lysander’s immortal line, â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth†, Bottom’s opinion goes well with the obstacles and complications that have developed in the play. Despite that, it does not stop the ridiculousness of his and Titania’s liaison from augmenting the humour of the Elizabethan comedy. â€Å"O how I love thee! How I dote on thee! † Titania’s love for Bottom is entirely unreasonable. Being the queen of the fairies, she has one of the highest ranks in the play, while Bottom being a workman, has the lowest. The fairies also consider themselves to be of a much higher position than mere human beings. In the face of this, Titania loses both mind and body to an ass-headed and ugly Bottom, a low class workman. This efficiently illuminates the impediments that the love juice can bring about and the thoughtlessness that attaches itself to all that encounter it. The central figure of this Elizabethan comedy is Puck, the mischievous sprite. He conducts all the melodrama of the play; all the confusion, all the mischief, begins with him. â€Å"What, a play toward! I’ll be an auditor, An actor too perhaps, if I see cause. † Even before watching any of the drama, Puck has plans to play a part in it. Apart from being Master of Revels to Oberon, Puck forms a schedule of his own; he always satisfies his interests and curiosities. This makes the audience more cognisant of the trickery and complexities going on in the play. Not being related to either the fairies or the lovers, the mechanicals have no reason to be a target of Puck’s pranks. Correspondingly, his involvement in the disruption of their rehearsals proves how he has his independent diversions. The roles and traits of Theseus, Hippolyta and Philostrate are rather similar to those of Oberon, Titania and Puck. In theatrical performances of â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream†, the actors playing the roles of Theseus, Hippolyta and Philostrate often tend to play the roles of Oberon, Titania and Puck, respectively. In relation to this, Philostrate and Puck have analogous characteristics as Master of Revels. At the beginning of the play, Theseus tells Philostrate to spread celebration and joy of the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta. â€Å"Stir up the Athenian youth to merriments, Awake the pert and nimble spirit of mirth,† Midsummer’s Eve was traditionally a time for celebrating with decoration, greenery and a sense of magic. Philostrate obeys the orders of Theseus as Puck obeys Oberon. Puck enters the play as a reflection of Philostrate, spreading magic and havoc with a mischievous side to all his intentions. Notwithstanding, Puck does make a critical mistake amidst his effervescent pranks. The highlight of the play is Puck’s misunderstanding of Lysander for Demetrius. â€Å"Did you not tell me that I should know the man By the Athenian garments he had on? † Puck makes an easy error with the love juice. Asked to recognise Demetrius by his attire, he mistakes Lysander for him. This is sure to instigate some tension on the audience’s part as they realise that something confusing can happen with the application of the love juice to the wrong person. It also potently marks an Elizabethan comedy because it opens the second phase of the play, where chaos is at its peak. The love juice is the key element of this romantic comedy. Love and friendship turn to hatred in a moment, and vice versa. â€Å"Injurious Hermia, most ungrateful maid, Have you conspired, have you with these contrived, To bait me with this foul derision? † Helena accuses Hermia of deliberately setting up Lysander and Demetrius’ love for her, to mock her and humiliate her. The love juice has unconditionally distorted the relationships amongst the four lovers. The purpose and positions of love and hatred have interchanged. The circumstances change over in a moment and later, go back to normal in the bat of an eye. This efficiently improves the prospect of a dream. The onlookers will themselves be forced to wonder if all that had happened was real, or just an illusion. Despite the fact that love and companionship instantaneously transfigure into repugnance, all the anger and vexation lacks asperity. â€Å"Get you gone, you dwarf, You minimus, of hindering knot-grass made, You bead, you acorn. † The bitterness amongst the lovers tends to be somewhat mild reflecting that past love has suddenly changed into enmity. The insults, although vociferated under strain and anxiety, do not come across as seriously as they are interpreted amongst the lovers. This helps in enriching the humour. The words â€Å"dwarf†, â€Å"bead† and â€Å"acorn† are tiny, pleasant things that have been used as objects of offence. Construed seriously amidst the characters, these insults are catalysts to laughter from the viewers as they hardly initiate any anger or humiliation. When the play’s focus returns to the centre of civilisation in Athens, there is harmony, peace and the order of matrimony for all couples. Marriage itself is one of the chief traits of an Elizabethan comedy. During the Elizabethan era, comedies customarily followed the pattern of order and peace at the beginning, followed by extreme chaos, and ending in harmony with a marriage to mark the return of order. It can hence be concluded that â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† is a thoroughgoing Elizabethan comedy. Yet, throughout the play, the lovers and their love is made fun of. â€Å"Cupid is a knavish lad,† All the love and its intricacies, the anxiety, loss, sorrow, bereavement and broken hearts are the exquisite ingredients of a first-rate tragedy. Nonetheless, â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† is intentionally developed as a romantic comedy, with the disruptive elements to mark its midst. The viewers can efficiently see all the arcane aspects of love and devotion, and at the same time, enjoy the humour of romance. The ending of the play is greatly suited to finish off the confusion and misunderstandings of the past. In the epilogue, the actor playing the role of Puck steps out of character to accost the viewers. â€Å"That you have but slumbered here†¦ No more yielding but a dream,† The audience is addressed with an apology for any unsatisfactory or offending presentations. This helps in ending the show on a merry and cordial note. The mention of a dream creates the perfect theme for the epilogue; it relates back to the situations of the four lovers where complexities and discords were passed off as a dream. In my opinion, William Shakespeare has been tremendously successful in portraying this play as Elizabethan comedy. I liked the structure of order at the beginning, followed by despair and disorder and an ending with marriage to restore happiness for all. â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† is by far the best play of William Shakespeare that I have read. I have loved the storyline and the humour as well the legendary characters.

Capitol Punishment Essays - Penology, Capital Punishment, Murder

Capitol Punishment Essays - Penology, Capital Punishment, Murder Capitol Punishment Capital Punishment The Argument Against the Death Penalty The feeling of the condemned man was indescribable, as he was minutes away from being executed by an unjust decision. The verdict of his case was guilty on the grounds of circumstantial evidence. When in all reality, he was guilty because he was black, poor and socially unacceptable. His case never stood a chance, it was over before it started. The judge and jury sentence the man to die in the electric chair. The condemned man sat in the chair sweating profusely, waiting for a someone to wake him from this nightmare. A certain death awaited this young mans future. He could not believe that a country like ours upheld a system of such unfairness. Then as he was executed, he shouted his last plea, I am innocent, please wait... How can this innocent man be put to death in a system based on fairness, and a theory of innocent until proven guilty. There have been circumstances such as this, that were said to be true. This is one example why capital punishment should be abolished in our coun try. Or should it? Is capital punishment fair, and based on equality? Does it cost less than other alternatives? Is it considered cruel and unusual punishment? And does the presence of the death penalty deter crime? These are questions that need to be answered to determine whether capital punishment should be abolished or maintained in our society. To start, capital punishment is a racist and unfair solution for the criminals in our system. It discriminates toward individuals on the basis of their race, wealth or social standing in society. It is not right to kill nineteen men a year out of hundreds and hundreds of convicted murderers. These men are not being killed because they committed murder. They are being killed because they are poor, black, ugly or all of these things. As capital punishment becomes less and less likely to be applied, it becomes more likely to be used in discrimination against those who have no money to afford a good lawyer, those who are poor and powerless, personally ugly and socially unacceptable. Since 1930, 89 percent of those executed in the United States for rape have been black, as were 76 percent of those executed for robbery, 85.5 percent of those executed for assault by life-term prisoner, 48.9 percent of those executed for murder, 100 percent of those executed for burglary. All together, 53.5 percent of those we have put to death in this Nation since 1930 have been black (Bedau). Study after study turns up the same results, one can conclude that there is a pattern of discrimination. One study shows that prosecutors seek the death penalty most often when the victim is white. Prosecutors sought the death penalty twice as often when the victim was white as when the victim was a member of a racial minority. In cases of white victims, 27 percent sought the death penalty, where only 19 percent in cases of minority victims (Bedau). In most states where the death penalty is instated, it is done so to deter crime. I think the feeling toward capital punishment boils down to two things. It is a kind of feeling most of us have that death really scares us, and a harsh penalty, you have to say deters more than life imprisonment. But if you took the death penalty away, most of us would be just as scared by a life imprisonment. Secondly, most of us who are thinking about this subject are well adjusted, normal, non-murderers. We do not commit murder, not because of the existence of the death penalty, but because we are morally developed, life respecting citizens. The people that do commit murders are of a different sort, their minds do not work like the rest of us. Whether you call them insane, phycopaths or whatever, no amount of punishment could have an effect on them. Now that is not to say it is impossible that, in some few cases, the death penalty did deter a capital crime. These cases, if they exist, must be very f ew, since they do not show up in the comparative statistical studies. The states with

Analysis of Cement Industry in India

Analysis of Cement Industry in India INTRODUCTION People invest in stocks to make their money grow. And to help investors identify the suitable and the appropriate way to invest, there are various modes of analysis. A number of approaches have been developed over time. One most important analytical approach among them is EIC analysis (E for economy, I for industry and C for company). EIC analysis is also sometimes referred to as Fundamental Analysis or the Top Down approach to Fundamental analysis. . In this approach, the investment decisions are taken on the basis of the strength of the economy, industry and company. The major objective of undergoing a project on EIC analysis or top down approach to fundamental analysis is to answer the question as â€Å"What to buy†. At economy level, fundamental analysis will focus on the economic indicators of the country to assess the present and future growth of the economy. Major economic indicators include the GDP growth rate, inflation, imports, exports, monetary and fi scal policies, foreign exchange reserves, IIP, etc. The basic assumption is that if the economy grows, companies would do well. At the industry level, apart from economy other factors like government attitude, entry barriers, competition level, threat of potential entrants, substitute products, cost structure, foreign entrants, also affect the way an industry evolves in time and hence affects the stock prices of companies in that particular industry. This industry analysis will also include Porters five force model (wherever applicable) which will give a better approach to it. The next task to be done in the project is to identify and analyze two companies i.e. ACC and Ultratech cement Ltd. For that a number of factors will be taken into consideration, say, the company’s SWOT analysis and the financials of the company. Thus, on the foundation of some major factors, this EIC analysis will analyze the overall economy, industry and company which will give a clear picture and pra ctical approach of stock identification. The second part of the project is Technical analysis which is a method of evaluating securities by analyzing the statistics generated by market activity, such as past prices and volume. Technical analysis looks at the price movement of a security and uses this data to predict its future price movements. Thus a technical analyst approaches a security from the charts. 2. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS EIC analysis is not just about balance-sheets or analysis of a company’s financial performance. It is also crucial to look at the broader picture- the macro-economic factors that may directly or indirectly affect the economy, industry and stocks of the company. Economic Analysis is the First Step in a three step security analysis process. An economic slowdown has implications for the earnings and margins of companies. At economy level, fundamental analysis will focus on the economic indicators of the country to assess the present and future growth of th e economy. It aims at analyzing the overall Economy and identifying the general direction, in which the economy is heading. Although there are many macroeconomic indicators that are relevant to markets, given below are some must-track-indicators

Ethnic Diversity at Workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethnic Diversity at Workplace - Research Paper Example It has both negative and positive impact on organizational output. Globalization of businesses has made this an issue in higher extent in the organizations. Conflicts among the employees in terms of emotional attributes are the negative impact of ethnic diversity whereas access of diversified skills of workers is one of positive impacts of it (Knippenberg & Schippers, 2007, p.529). Historical overview of a research related to the ethnic diversity at workplace After conducting the research, it is discovered that diversity in employees was very important in ensuring that the business is successful. The most interesting thing in the interview relates to some of the regulations in the Buddhist society. Key learning from the study is that the implementation of ethnic diversity in the workplace ensures that the business uses all the resources available to reach new markets. Therefore, the aspect of diversity is unique and enhances productivity among the employees. Rationale of choosing the ethnic diversity at workplace Ethnic diversity is one major characteristics of workplace. ... Effect of ethnic diversity in group activity is in high extent because people from different region or even different countries work together in group assignments or projects (Bar, Niessen & Ruenzi, 2007, p.2). Therefore, all belongs to different ethnicity and their culture, behavior, attitude and the way they work are different. Conflicts in the group activity rise from the ethnic diversity among the employees (Karsten, 2006, p.224). Though the organizations get access to diversified skills and competencies of ethnic diversified expertise but conflicts among the workers in their way of working, sometimes affect not only overall performance of a group but also overall organizational performance and growth. Many organizations are not able to find out this impact of ethnic diversity and their strategic decisions do not consider this issue (Jesus, Hughes, Johnston & Jooh, 2006, p.7). Therefore, this study has high extent of rationality and motivation behind the study is to evaluate the impact of ethnic diversity in Ministry of Air Defense in Saudi Arabia. Supporting Research There have been many researches on this major issue of business done by empirical researchers. Individual or group of researchers and human resource analysts have been studied on several multinational and domestic companies to find out the extent of positive and negative impact of ethnic diversity on performance of workforce. One supporting research of this study is leadership, employment and direction survey done by a group of researcher and leaded by Miriam Bell. Objective of this research was to evaluate the benefit of ethnic diversity in Australian workforce (Bell, 2012, p.1). Findings from relevant empirical studies There are

What is the Role of Financial Strategy within an Organization Assignment

What is the Role of Financial Strategy within an Organization - Assignment Example Within the organization, the different functions compete for the resources. Organizations have to adopt certain financial strategies in order for it to optimize resources that are available for use (Sanwal, 2008). Once the internal allocation is taken cared of, the company can focus on other aspects of the organization to achieve growth. An organization is faced with the dilemma in choosing which finance strategy would best suit their corporate structure. Will it be to adopt a financial strategy driven towards greater efficiency or towards better management of the organization as a whole It is ideal and optimal to achieve both and when an organization is able to do so then it can focus efforts on the remaining functions. Some organizations have tried to standardize the established financial system to be able to replicate the system and apply it in the global spectrum. Many organizations have tried to focus on the enhancement of the financial function to achieve greater efficiency in the bigger picture. To be able to maintain their global positions and to determine which strategies best suit the company, these organizations do the benchmark. Benchmarking is a flexible tool in management which can be used in the various functions of an organization. Companies do industry scans and assess the strengths of their competitors (Ruth, 2006). They use these assessments to determine which areas are weak in their own organizations, which functions need to be given attention and what measures are to be taken to implement changes if there are any. In the organization's venture towards being cost-efficient and at the same time globally competitive, it encounters various problems along the way and it must take note of various risks consequent with the implementation of financial strategies that it has decided to implement. Some points and important matters that the organization has to take into account before deciding which strategy to use are the current corporate structure and the system of the organization. Corporate structure helps determine which processes best contribute to the organization's growth and development. The flexibility of the corporate structure is also very vital especially now in the current dynamic industries we have (Sanwal, 2008). For systems, in an industry scan done by SAP, the two systems that place great weights on finance are transaction processing and decision support system (Patel-Muellers, 2006). Though companies want to focus on decision support and management, they are in truth spending their time on transaction processing. However, progress is little by little evident in the efficiency of the companies' processes as they journey towards being more strategic. Â  

Pidgins and Creoles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pidgins and Creoles - Essay Example One important point raised is the language age. The creole language which can be termed as the mother of languages as that is where language originated from has been in existence for centuries and hence it is considered as old language. The rest of the languages have recently been created and they keep on evolving as time goes by. They can therefore not be categorized the same as the Creole language. The more recent the language evolved, the younger it is. The other issue raised is about the evolution of languages from simple to more complicated ones. The creole language was very simple in terms of grammar and writing but as it evolved, it became much more complicated as well as organized. This is an indication that evolution of language can be equated to evolution of organisms which as they evolve become much more organized and less simple to understand as well as write (DeGraff, 2001). The article was indeed an education lesson for me. I had very little prior knowledge of the creol es and more so their huge input in language. My understanding was based on the literature that their language has simple grammar and issue that still remained under debate from linguists but none offered elaborate explanations about them. I am now in a better position having understood about the how the Creoles’ language simplicity and its maintenance of origin has made it a highly researched and subject of reference in as far as evolution of language is concerned. I am able to understand that the fact that their language has not undergone.

An Essay on Loss and Grief

An Essay on Loss and Grief Choose one event on loss and construct an academic essay supported by relevant academic sources INTRODUCTION This essay explores my experience of loss and grief after the death of my father in 1997 and how my grieving process relates to theories put forward to explain and deal with bereavement. Hall (2014) suggests that loss and grief are fundamental to human life..Harvey (1998) perceives loss as a life experience relating to something irreversible and emotions towards what is lost. Hall (2014) defines grief as the response to the loss in its totality – including its physical, emotional, cognitive, behavioural and spiritual manifestations – and as a natural and normal reaction to loss. It has been argued that in order to understand grief it is important to understand the role of attachment. Mallon (2008) observed that in order to have loss there must be attachment. As a result many theories of attachment play a major role in bereavement counseling. Bowlby (1980) emphasised the role of attachment in relationships. He suggests that a childs emotional growth will be compromised i f the child does not have attachment to a significant other person. The consequences can be that the individual may have difficulties connecting with others. This essay will first explore some of the salient theories on grief and bereavement. Secondly, a discussion of my experiences grieving my fathers death drawing on some key elements of bereavement theories will follow. Finally, a summary of the discussion will conclude the essay. THEORIES OF BEREAVEMENT AND LOSS Freud (1953 – 1974) was the first major contributor to the theory of grief. His theory stressed that grieving individuals search for an attachment that has been lost. His work involved the process of breaking the links that bonded the survivor to the deceased. He identified three elements namely: Freeing the bereaved from the bondage to the deceased Readjustment to life without the deceased Building new relationships. Parkes (1971, 1996) argued that Freuds concept of grief was useful in considering grief to be part of a rebuilding process which he calls psychosocial transition. Freud (1953-1974) argued that the grieving experience for the bereaved requires that they acknowledge their separation from the deceased by going through a process that includes painful emotions of guilt and anger. Furthermore, these emotions must be expressed. Key to Freuds approach was the idea that if the bereaved failed to work with or complete their grief work, then the grieving process would become complicated and compromise recovery. This model stresses the importance of moving on as quickly as possible in order to return to normal functioning. Influenced by Freud (1953-1974), several grief theorists including Kà ¼bler Ross (1969), Bowlby (1980) and Parkes Weiss (1983) conceptualised grief as a process of predictable phases and tasks. One of the most recognised was Kà ¼bler Ross (1969), who proposed the five-stage model that constituted the following stages: Shock and denial Anger Resentment and guilt Bargaining Depression and Acceptance. The model insists that failure to complete the stages would result in acute mental health complications. Hall (2014) argues that the stage theories were popular because they suggest a sense of conceptual order while offering hope of recovery and closure. Despite their popularity, most stage theories attracted criticism in the same way that Freuds proposition attracted criticism for their lack of empirical evidence and their rigidity. Furthermore, the stage theories have been challenged for their inability to capture the complex, diverse and multi-faceted nature of the grieving experience. Baxter and Diehl (1998) argue that since grief is considered to be fluid, it is unlikely that individuals are able to go through the stages in a methodical manner as advocated by the stage theorists. In short, they do not take account of factors such as the physical, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual needs that impact on the bereaved people, their families and intimate networks (Hall 201 4). Despite these criticisms, early stage theories have provided great groundwork and influence on current theories such as the Dual-Processing theory developed by Stroebe and Schut (1999) and Worden (2008). Hall (2014) argues that these theories take account of many of the risks and protective factors identified by research and provide an important context for appreciating the idiosyncratic nature of attachment to the deceased that is lacking in the earlier stage theories. Both models provide frameworks that guide intervention. Richardson and Balaswamy (2001), when evaluating the Dual Processing Model, suggested that avoiding grief can have both positive and negative outcomes. They proposed that this is where bereavement is perceived as including Loss of Orientation and Restoration Orientation. The griever in the loss-orientation is preoccupied with emotions, yearning and ruminating about the deceased, whereas, restoration orientation involves taking over the responsibilities and the ro les undertaken by the deceased and making lifestyle changes, setting up a new identity without the deceased (Richardson, 2007; Bennett, 2010a). Worden (2008) suggests that grieving should be considered as an active process that involves engagement with four tasks: Accepting the reality of the loss Processing the pain of grief Adjusting to a world without the deceased (including both internal, external and spiritual adjustments) Finding an enduring connection with the deceased whilst embarking on a new life. To understand what the client is experiencing, Worden identified seven determinants that need to be considered: Who the person who died was The nature of the attachment to the deceased How the person died Historical antecedents Personality variables Social mediators Concurrent stressors EXPERIENCES OF GRIEF In discussing my grieving process, I am going to draw on Wordens (2008) four tasks indicated above. The seven determinants indicated above will be used to guide the discussion and interpret the experience utilising relevant theoretical perspectives. i. To accept the reality of the loss I was in the UK undertaking my nursing course when my father died in Zimbabwe from a sudden heart related problem. I was informed early in the morning soon after my brother received news of his death. Since I was living alone, I had to make several phone calls home to confirm his death and to ascertain how he died and establish why more was not done. I remember crying but the tears did not correspond to my emotions. For a long time I felt detached from my feelings. My emotions appeared to be bottled up and were difficult to release. My immediate response to the news reflects Bowlby and Parkes (1970)s proposed first stage of grief where the individual experiences numbness, shock, and denial. I had always dreaded the day my father would die. I remember pacing up and down my bedroom, feeling very alone and helpless. During one of the calls from my brother, he mentioned that he needed me there. That was the time that I realised that this was real. It was at this moment that I started to call friends and informing them of the news. I cannot remember most of what happened but I remember one of my friends took over and made the necessary travel arrangements and spoke to my family in Zimbabwe. I believe that I only accepted the loss much later when I found that I could not share with him that I had bought a beautiful house. I desperately needed his comments and praises. My letter with the surprise information and pictures was in the post box when he passed away. ii. To process the pain of grief I believe I experienced the pain of losing my father when I returned to the UK after going through three weeks of the funeral and other rituals related to death in my culture. The cultural rituals are a mixed bag of tears, laughter, praying, singing and sharing memories and kinship with the deceased. This, to a large extent, eased me into the grieving process. However, the real pain of his loss took place when I returned to the UK where I could grieve in private. I found myself avoiding friends and other associates. It was as if my identity had been taken away and that made me tearful. This echoes the suggestion by Caserta and Lund (1992) that the bereaved may have to redefine their identity. Prompting questions like Who am I now that I am no longer a daughter? Hall (2011) and Caserta and Lund (1992) suggest that this can set in motion a process of re-learning ourselves and the world. On reflection, friends and associates reminded me of the me that I had lost. The pain would come and go. I often cried on my own. The crying and anxiety concurs with Bowlbys proposition that loss of the affectional attachment results in emotional disturbances such as anxiety, crying and anger (Freeman, 2005). I experienced this for over a year and felt lost. Although functioning, I was no longer myself. I started having frequent dreams of my father and would look forward to going to bed where I could be with my father. iii. To adjust to a world without the deceased It is difficult to identify exactly when it was that I adjusted to a life without my father. It took a long time. Although we lived far from each other, my father played a major role in most of my decisions and reassurances. Two events contributed to my adjustment. Firstly, my mother encouraged me to register for a Masters course that I was talking myself out of. Suddenly, I saw my fathers qualities in her. The security and trust I had in my father had transferred to my mother. Secondly, crying uncontrollably at a church in the UK the day I received news that my brother had died in a car accident. On reflection I realised that although I was crying for the loss of my brother, I was also finally crying for my father. Taking over care for my brothers children added to the adjustment of living without my father. iv. Finding an enduring connection with the deceased whilst embarking on a new life Being ancestral believers, the bond between my late father and me remains but it manifests in a different form to the bond we had when he was alive. I believe that spiritually, my father and my forefathers protect me and help me achieve my ambitions by chasing away bad spirits and creating luck and opportunities for me. My family and I participate in cultural rituals in remembrance of him and our forefathers. Psychologically, my bond with my father remains as he continues to be my role model. As a result, I dedicate most of my achievements to him. This continued connection and perceived role played by my father 18 years after his death confirm Datson and Marwits (1997) argument that continued bonds with deceased can have positive outcomes. Therefore, letting go is not necessarily the requirement for successful grieving. According to Hall (2014) this idea represents recognition that death ends a life, not necessarily a relationship. CONCLUSION The discussion above illustrates that the theoretical perspectives of loss and bereavement have developed from emotional attachment to more holistic approaches. These theories not only carry on the influences of the early work focused on emotions and attachment but take account of the social, economic, cultural and spiritual needs experienced by bereaved people. Significantly, these theories do not center letting go as a requirement of successful grieving. On the contrary, a continued bond with the deceased can be positive. My experience largely confirmed the complexity of the grieving process. Some of the experiences indicated above confirmed some of the early theorists observations such as the emotional rollercoaster and the early stage theorists suggestions of shock in the early stages. I did not however experience the full stages of grieving in chronological order, and the experience was by no means quick. Factors such as my culture and spiritual beliefs contributed significantly to my grieving process and influenced the outcome of my continued bond with father. In view of this it can be argued that there is a place for the different approaches to loss and bereavement in supporting bereaved people. However, the multi-cultural society encouraged by globalisation requires that we take account of the wider aspects of the bereavement process. REFERENCES Baxter, E. A. and Diehl, S. (1998). Emotional stages: Consumers and family members recovering from the trauma of mental illness. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 21(4) Bennett, K. M. (2010a). You cant spend years with someone and just cast them aside: Augmented identity in older British widows. Journal of Women and Aging, 22, (3), 204-217 Bennett, K. M. (2010b). How to achieve resilience as an older widower: Turning points or gradual change? Ageing and Society, 30 (03), 369-382. Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss. Volume 3, Loss, sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books Bowlby, J. and Parkes, C. M. (1970). Separation and loss within the family. In E. J. Anthony C. Koupernik (Eds.), The child in his family: International Yearbook of Child Psychiatry and Allied Professions (pp. 197-216), New York: Wiley Caserta, M. S. and Lund D. A. (1992). Bereavement stress and coping among older adults: Expectations versus the actual experience. Omega, 25, 33-45. Datson, S. L. and Marwit, S. J. (1997). Personality constructs and perceived presence of deceased loved ones. Death Studies, 21 , 131 -146 Freud, S. (1953/1974). Mourning and melancholia. In J. Strachey (Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 14). London: Hogarth. (Original work published in 1917.) Freeman, S. (2005). Grief and Loss: Understanding the Journey. Belmont, CA: Thompson Brooks/ Cole. Hall, C. (2011). Beyond Kubler-Ross: Recent developments in our understanding of grief and bereavement.Retrieved June 19, 2015, from  http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/inpsych/2011/december/hall/ Hall, C, 2014. Bereavement theory: recent developments in our understanding of grief and bereavement, Bereavement Care, 33:1, 7-12, .Retrieved June 19, 2015, from:http://www.psychology.org.au/publications/inpsych/2011/december/hall/ Harvey J. H. (1998). Perspectives on Loss, a Sourcebook. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor and Francis Kà ¼bler-Ross, E. (1969). On death and dying . New York: Springer Mallon, B. (2008). Attachment and loss, death and dying. Theoretical foundations for bereavement counselling. In Praise for the Book: Dying, death and grief: Working with adult bereavement. (pp. 4-17). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Parkes, C. M. (1971). Psycho-Social Transitions: A field for study. Social Science and Medicine, 5. 101-115 Parkes, C. M. (1996). Bereavement: Studies of Grief in Adult Life (3rd Ed.). London, London: Routledge Parkes C. M. and Weiss R. S. (1983). Recovery from bereavement. New York: Basic Books. Richardson, V. E. (2007). A dual process model of grief counseling: Findings from the Changing Lives of Older Couples (CLOC) studyJournal of Gerontological Social Work, 48 (3/4), 311-329. Richardson, V. E. and Balaswamy, S. (2001). Coping with bereavement among elderly widowers. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 43 (2), 129-144. Stroebe M. S. and Schut, H. (1999). The dual process model of coping with bereavement: rationale and description. Death Studies 23(3) 197-224. Worden J. W. (2008). Grief counseling and grief therapy: a handbook for the mental health practitioner (4th ed.). New York: Springer